Description

Nitrophenylgalactosides are a class of specialized chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates widely used in biochemical research and diagnostic applications. Their core value lies in their ability to be cleaved by specific enzymes, such as β-galactosidase, to produce a detectable colorimetric or fluorescent signal. This makes them indispensable tools for molecular biology, high-throughput screening, and clinical diagnostics. Industries that rely on these precise biochemical tools include pharmaceutical R&D, biotechnology, and in vitro diagnostic (IVD) manufacturing.

Application

• Enzyme Activity Assays: As a chromogenic substrate for detecting and quantifying β-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays (e.g., lacZ gene expression).
• Diagnostic Kits: Used in the formulation of clinical diagnostic kits for detecting bacterial contamination (e.g., E. coli) or specific enzymatic markers.
• High-Throughput Screening (HTS): Employed in drug discovery platforms to identify modulators of glycosidase enzymes.
• Microbiology Research: For the differentiation and identification of microorganisms based on their enzymatic profiles.
• Cell Biology: Visualization of lysosomal activity and cellular senescence using fluorogenic derivatives.
• Biochemical Research: Studying enzyme kinetics, inhibition, and mechanism of action of various galactosidases.

Basic Information

Product Name	Nitrophenylgalactosides
CAS No.	28347-45-7
Molecular Formula	C12H15NO8
Molecular Weight	301.25 g/mol
Synonyms	4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside; p-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside; PNPG; 4-NPG; β-Galactosidase substrate; p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside; 4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside; ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, a related isomer)
EINECS	Contact for details

Quality Control

Our Nitrophenylgalactosides are manufactured under strict quality control protocols to ensure high purity and batch-to-batch consistency suitable for sensitive research and diagnostic applications. Each lot is tested to meet stringent specifications, including identity confirmation by IR spectroscopy and purity assessment by HPLC. A comprehensive Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing assay, impurity profile, and physical characteristics is provided with every shipment.

Storage

Preserve in a tightly closed container, protected from light. Store in a cool, dry place at 15-25°C. This compound is hygroscopic (moisture-sensitive); ensure the container is sealed tightly after each use to prevent degradation from atmospheric moisture.

Specification

Item	Specification
Appearance	White to off-white crystalline powder
Identification (IR)	Conforms to reference spectrum
Assay (HPLC)	≥ 98.0%
Water Content (KF)	≤ 2.0%
Melting Point	Approx. 195-200°C (dec.)
Specific Rotation	Contact for details
Heavy Metals	< 20 ppm
Solubility	Soluble in water, DMSO, DMF

Note: Specifications can be tailored. Please contact us for the detailed technical data sheet of a specific grade.