Description

Atpenin A4 is a potent and selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), a key enzyme in the electron transport chain. This compound is a critical research tool for studying cellular bioenergetics, metabolic pathways, and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in disease. It is essential for researchers and pharmaceutical developers in the fields of biochemistry, cell biology, and metabolic disease research, providing a reliable means to probe complex II activity with high specificity.

Application

• Biochemical Research: Used as a selective inhibitor to study the function and kinetics of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) in isolated enzymes, submitochondrial particles, and intact cells.
• Metabolic Pathway Analysis: A key tool for investigating cellular respiration, ATP production, and the metabolic shift between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, particularly in cancer cell metabolism (Warburg effect).
• Disease Mechanism Studies: Employed in research models to understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and genetic disorders like Leigh syndrome.
• Pharmaceutical Screening: Serves as a reference compound and positive control in high-throughput screening assays designed to discover new modulators of mitochondrial function for therapeutic development.
• Toxicology Studies: Used to model chemical-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and assess compound toxicity related to energy metabolism disruption.

Basic Information

Product Name	Atpenin A4
CAS No.	119509-25-0
Molecular Formula	C₁₉H₁₈O₈
Molecular Weight	374.34 g/mol
Synonyms	Atpenin A4; 2-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide; AA4; SDH Inhibitor Atpenin A4; Mitochondrial Complex II Inhibitor; Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor; 2-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline 1-oxide
EINECS	Contact for details

Quality Control

Our Atpenin A4 is produced and handled under strict quality management protocols to ensure batch-to-batch consistency and reliability for sensitive research applications. Each lot undergoes comprehensive analytical testing, including HPLC for purity verification and structural confirmation by spectroscopic methods. A detailed Certificate of Analysis (COA), documenting identity, purity, and assay results, is provided with every shipment to support your research and regulatory documentation needs.

Storage

Preserve in a tightly closed container, protected from light. Store at -20°C or below under an inert atmosphere. The product is hygroscopic (moisture-sensitive) and light-sensitive. Allow the vial to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to minimize moisture uptake.

Specification

Item	Specification
Appearance	Yellow to light brown powder
Identification (HPLC)	Conforms to reference standard
Identification (MS)	Conforms to structure
Purity (HPLC)	≥ 98.0%
Water Content (KF)	≤ 1.0%
Solubility	Soluble in DMSO, DMF; sparingly soluble in ethanol

Note: Specifications can be tailored. Please contact us for the detailed technical data sheet of a specific grade.