Antitubercular and Antileprosy Drugs
Antitubercular and Antileprosy Drugs
Antitubercular and antileprosy drugs target Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, pathogens characterized by slow growth, lipid-rich cell walls, and intrinsic resistance to many traditional antibiotics. First-line antitubercular drugs-such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol-act by inhibiting cell wall mycolic acid synthesis, blocking RNA transcription, disrupting membrane energetics, or impairing essential enzyme pathways. Antileprosy agents including dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin are used in multidrug therapy to prevent resistance and ensure bacterial eradication. Due to the persistence of mycobacteria in host tissues, long treatment durations are necessary, often extending for six months to two years depending on disease severity and drug susceptibility. These therapies remain fundamental to global tuberculosis and leprosy control programs, although emerging multidrug-resistant strains pose ongoing clinical and public health challenges.
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