Antibodies

Antibodies include monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant, and engineered antibody formats used for detection, quantification, neutralization, and therapeutic applications. Their high specificity enables precise targeting of proteins, pathogens, or biomarkers. Antibodies are essential tools in ELISA, western blotting, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and diagnostic kit development. Therapeutic antibodies-such as checkpoint inhibitors, ADCs, and bispecific antibodies-have revolutionized oncology, autoimmune disease treatment, and infectious-disease management. Antibody production requires rigorous screening, affinity validation, and quality control to ensure reproducibility. As versatile biological tools, antibodies remain foundational to modern biomedical research and clinical therapy.