Antacids and Gastric Mucosal Protectants

Antacids and gastric mucosal protectants are medications used to neutralize gastric acid, reduce gastric irritation, and reinforce mucosal defense mechanisms. Antacids such as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide provide rapid symptomatic relief in dyspepsia and acid reflux by buffering excess stomach acid. Mucosal protectants-including sucralfate, bismuth compounds, and prostaglandin analogs-form protective barriers, enhance mucus and bicarbonate secretion, or improve epithelial repair. These agents are widely used in gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and NSAID-induced mucosal injury. Their effectiveness depends on dosing frequency, gastric pH, and underlying etiology. Despite the availability of advanced acid-suppressing drugs, antacids and mucosal protectants remain essential in symptom relief and mucosal healing.